loomulikustõigusest

Loomulikustõigusest, also known as natural law, is a philosophical and legal concept that posits the existence of inherent moral principles and rights that are universally applicable and discoverable through reason, independent of human-made laws or customs. It suggests that these natural rights are not granted by governments or societies but are intrinsic to human beings by virtue of their existence. Historically, prominent thinkers like Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, and John Locke have contributed to its development. Aristotle linked natural law to human reason and purpose, while Aquinas saw it as a participation in God's eternal law. Locke argued for natural rights to life, liberty, and property as foundational to political society.

The core idea of natural law is that there is a moral order that transcends positive law, which refers to laws created by human institutions. If a human-made law conflicts with natural law, it is often considered unjust or illegitimate according to this theory. Natural law principles are typically understood to be timeless and unchanging, reflecting fundamental aspects of human nature and the common good. While the specific content and interpretation of natural law can vary, its central tenet remains the belief in an objective moral framework that guides ethical conduct and serves as a basis for evaluating human laws and actions.