longinsert

Longinsert refers to a type of sequencing library in which the DNA fragment length, or insert size, is larger than that of standard short-insert libraries. Longinsert libraries typically have inserts ranging from about 2 kilobases to 20 kilobases, depending on the protocol and the technological platform. The reads produced from such libraries can be used to infer connections between distal regions of the genome.

Longinsert information is commonly generated through mate-pair or similar long-range library preparation methods. In a typical workflow, high-molecular-weight DNA is fragmented to the target size range, circularized so the ends of the original fragment become adjacent, and then refragmented to create ends that are sequenced. The resulting read pairs originate from the ends of the original long fragment, providing linkage across long genomic distances.

Applications include improving de novo genome assembly by linking contigs, resolving repetitive regions, and enabling more robust detection of structural variants such as insertions, deletions, and inversions. Longinsert data complements standard short-insert paired-end reads by supplying long-range information used in scaffolding and variant calling.

Limitations and challenges include technically demanding library preparation, a need for high-quality, high-molecular-weight DNA, lower library yields, and higher duplication or chimerism rates. Data analysis requires specialized handling to distinguish true long-insert pairs from artifacts and to interpret orientation and insert-size patterns appropriately.

Related concepts include mate-pair sequencing, paired-end sequencing, structural variation, and genome assembly.