lokaður

Lokaður is an Icelandic adjective meaning closed, shut, or sealed. It is used for physical closure, such as doors or containers, and can also describe people, organizations, or systems that are not open or accessible. In figurative use, lokaður can denote emotional reserve or a reluctance to engage with others.

Etymology and morphology: the word comes from the verb loka, to close, with the suffix -ður forming a past participle adjective. In Icelandic, adjectives agree with the gender and number of the noun they modify, so the form can change as lokaður (masculine singular), lokuð (feminine singular), or lokað (neuter singular).

Usage examples: for physical objects, you can say “Hurðin er lokuð” (The door is closed), “Glugginn er lokaður” (The window is closed), or “Húsið var lokað” (The house was closed/sealed). For a figurative sense, one might say “Hann er lokaður í samskiptum” (He is closed off in his interactions) or “Búðin er lokuð vegna skilaborða.”

Related terms and contrasts: lokaður is often contrasted with opinn, meaning open. The expression lokað kerfi refers to a closed system in technical or scientific contexts, while opið kerfi denotes an open system.

Notes: as with many Icelandic adjectives, form variations depend on gender and number of the noun, and the past participle functions as an adjective in predicative and attributive positions. The term is common in everyday language as well as in technical writing.