litiumalumiiniumhüdriidi

Litiumalumiiniumhüdriidi, also known as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4), is a chemical compound with the formula LiAlH4. It is a powerful reducing agent and is commonly used in organic synthesis. It is a white crystalline solid, though it often appears gray due to impurities or oxidation. It is highly reactive with water, alcohols, and other protic solvents, producing hydrogen gas. Due to its reactivity, it must be handled with care in a dry atmosphere.

LiAlH4 is prepared by the reaction of lithium hydride with aluminum chloride. Its primary application is as a reducing agent. It can reduce aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, and amides to alcohols and amines, respectively. It is also capable of reducing metal oxides and halides. The reaction typically occurs in anhydrous ethereal solvents like diethyl ether or tetrahydrofuran. The stoichiometry of the reaction depends on the functional group being reduced.

The safety hazards associated with LiAlH4 are significant. It is flammable and reacts violently with water, posing fire and explosion risks. Inhalation of its dust can cause respiratory irritation. Proper personal protective equipment, including gloves, eye protection, and a fume hood, is essential when working with this compound. Its decomposition products can also be hazardous.