liquors

Liquors, or distilled spirits, are alcoholic beverages produced by distilling fermented mash to concentrate ethanol. Distillation raises the alcohol content and often purifies flavors. Many liquors are aged in wooden casks to develop color and complexity, though some are bottled unaged as clear spirits. Typical ABV ranges widely, but many common styles sit around 40% ABV.

Liquors are categorized by base ingredients and production methods. Grain-based spirits include whiskey and vodka, with gin distinguished by botanical flavors such as juniper. Sugar-cane spirits include rum and cachaça. Agave spirits include tequila and mezcal. Fruit- or grape-based spirits include brandy, cognac, armagnac, and calvados. Some liquors are distilled from wine or fruit bases and then aged to deepen character. Liqueurs are a related category that are flavored and sweetened after distillation, incorporating herbs, fruits, nuts, or spices and often carrying added sugar.

Uses and regulation: Liquors are consumed neat, on the rocks, or as components in cocktails. They are distinct from liqueurs, which are typically sweeter and flavored. Legal definitions and labeling vary by country; common features include proof or ABV, origin, and sometimes age statements. Overall, liquors cover a wide range of styles, flavors, and production traditions worldwide.