lipochromes

Lipochromes are a class of naturally occurring pigments found in living organisms. The term "lipochrome" itself is derived from the Greek words "lipos" meaning fat and "chroma" meaning color, indicating their solubility in fats and lipids. These pigments are responsible for a wide range of colors observed in biological tissues and substances.

In animals, lipochromes are often associated with lipid-rich tissues such as adipose tissue, egg yolks, and the skin and feathers of certain species. Carotenoids are a prominent group of lipochromes, known for their yellow, orange, and red hues. These compounds, like beta-carotene and lutein, are obtained through diet and play roles beyond pigmentation, including antioxidant functions and as precursors to vitamin A.

In plants, lipochromes contribute to the vibrant colors of flowers, fruits, and vegetables. While carotenoids are also abundant in the plant kingdom, other classes of lipochromes exist. For instance, some plant pigments that are soluble in organic solvents and contribute to color might be broadly categorized as lipochromes. The presence and concentration of these pigments can vary significantly depending on the species, environmental factors, and developmental stage. Their biological functions can include attracting pollinators, protecting against UV damage, and serving as accessory pigments in photosynthesis.