linfatica

Linfatica refers to the lymphatic system and its related physiological and pathological aspects. In human anatomy, the lymphatic system is a network of vessels that transport lymph, a clear fluid derived from interstitial fluid, toward the venous circulation. It includes lymphatic capillaries and collecting vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs such as the spleen, thymus, and tonsils, as well as gut-associated lymphoid tissue involved in immune responses and fat absorption through lacteals.

Functions of the linfatica include maintaining tissue fluid balance, transporting immune cells, filtering pathogens through lymph nodes, and aiding the absorption of dietary fats in the intestine. Lymph is moved through the vessel network by smooth muscle contractions, valve-assisted flow, skeletal muscle activity, and respiratory movements, rather than by a central pump.

Clinical relevance encompasses a range of disorders and conditions. Lymphedema arises from impaired lymph drainage and can cause swelling, typically after surgical procedures, infection, or radiation. Lymphadenopathy refers to enlarged lymph nodes and can indicate infection or malignancy. Diagnostic tools such as lymphoscintigraphy and magnetic resonance lymphangiography visualize lymph flow and node status to guide treatment.

Management focuses on preserving or restoring drainage and reducing swelling. Approaches include compression therapy, manual lymph drainage, prescribed exercise, and skin care to prevent infection. In refractory cases, surgical options—such as lymphaticovenous anastomosis or vascularized lymph node transfer—may be considered to improve lymphatic drainage.