limmunodéficience

Immunodeficiency, also known as immunodeficiency, refers to a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely lacking. This can result in an increased susceptibility to infections, which can be more severe or life-threatening than usual. There are two main categories of immunodeficiency: primary and secondary.

Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders that are present from birth. They result from defects in the development or function of certain components of the immune system, such as lymphocytes, phagocytes, or complement proteins. There are over 400 different types of primary immunodeficiencies, varying in their severity and the specific parts of the immune system they affect. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), and specific antibody deficiencies.

Secondary immunodeficiencies are acquired later in life and are caused by external factors that damage the immune system. These factors can include certain medications, such as chemotherapy drugs or immunosuppressants used after organ transplantation. Medical conditions like HIV/AIDS, which directly targets and destroys T cells, are a major cause of secondary immunodeficiency. Malnutrition, chronic diseases, and certain cancers can also weaken the immune system.

Diagnosing immunodeficiency typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and a series of laboratory tests to assess different aspects of immune function. Treatment strategies vary widely depending on the type and severity of the condition. They can include the use of antibiotics to prevent or treat infections, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and in some cases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. While some immunodeficiencies can be managed effectively, others remain serious and lifelong conditions.