liftings

Liftings are mathematical concepts that have applications in various fields, including topology, differential geometry, and category theory.

In general, a lifting of a map f from a space X to a space Y is a map from X that preserves the properties of f. Specifically, given a continuous map f: X → Y, a lifting of f is a map g: X → Z such that f ∘ g = id_X, where id_X is the identity map on X. In other words, g is a left inverse of f. This concept is often denoted by g : X → Y ⇝ Z.

There are several types of liftings, including:

* Local liftings: These are liftings that hold at each point of the domain, but not necessarily globally.

* Smooth liftings: These are liftings that preserve the smooth structure of the domain.

* Fiber-preserving liftings: These are liftings that map each fiber of the domain to a fiber of the codomain.

Liftings have applications in various areas, including:

* Topology: Liftings are used to study the fundamental group and the homotopy groups of spaces.

* Differential geometry: Liftings are used to study the geometry of curves and surfaces.

* Category theory: Liftings are used to study the categorical structure of categories.

Some notable results related to liftings include the notion of a lifting theorem, which states that a lifting exists if and only if certain homotopy or homology conditions are met. The Ehresmann's theorem and the lifting theorem for covering spaces are also significant results in this area.

Liftings are an important concept in mathematics, and understanding their properties and applications is vital for advancing knowledge in various fields.