liðasamtök

In Icelandic politics, a líðasamtök (third‑party agreement) refers to a formal accord between political parties that stipulates how they will collaborate over a defined period, typically following general elections. The purpose of a líðasamtök is to provide a structured framework for cooperation, allowing parties to coordinate policy priorities, assign parliamentary responsibilities, and, when applicable, decide on the formation of a coalition government. These agreements are usually drafted by senior party leaders and may be recorded as a written memorandum that is publicly available.

Key components of a líðasamtök include the distribution of committee seats, rules governing joint voting, a timetable for policy proposals, and mechanisms for resolving disputes or changes in membership. The agreement often sets expectations about legislative conduct, such as not publicly voting against shared positions unless formally notified. In some cases, the líðasamtök will contain a signal that a formal coalition will be formed, detailing the allocation of ministerial positions and the overarching policy agenda.

Historically, Iceland’s political landscape has seen several prominent líðasamtök. Following the 2016 elections, a notable accord was reached between the Independence Party, the Social Democratic Alliance, and the Reform Party, laying the groundwork for a minority coalition government. Similarly, the 2021 election produced a new agreement between the Independence Party, the Progressive Party, and the People's Party, which shaped parliamentary collaboration for the subsequent term. These agreements illustrate the flexibility of Icelandic parliamentary practice, enabling multiple parties to work together even when no single party commands an absolute majority.