leukotriének

Leukotrienes are a group of signaling molecules that belong to the eicosanoid family. They are derived from arachidonic acid, a fatty acid, through the action of enzymes called lipoxygenases. Leukotrienes are primarily involved in mediating inflammatory responses, particularly in conditions like asthma and allergic reactions.

There are several types of leukotrienes, each with distinct functions. Cysteinyl leukotrienes, such as leukotriene C4, D4, and E4, are potent bronchoconstrictors, meaning they can narrow the airways in the lungs. They also increase vascular permeability, leading to swelling, and promote mucus secretion. These effects contribute significantly to the symptoms experienced during asthma attacks.

Other leukotrienes, like leukotriene B4, act as chemoattractants, recruiting inflammatory cells, such as neutrophils and eosinophils, to sites of inflammation. This recruitment further amplifies the inflammatory process.

Due to their significant role in inflammatory diseases, leukotrienes have become targets for therapeutic intervention. Medications known as leukotriene inhibitors or receptor antagonists are used to block the action of leukotrienes, thereby reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms in conditions like asthma and allergic rhinitis. For example, montelukast is a commonly prescribed leukotriene receptor antagonist.