leukopeenia

Leukopeenia refers to a condition characterized by a significant reduction in white blood cell count, which includes lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes. Leukopenia can occur due to various factors, such as infection, immune disorders, bone marrow failure, or as a side effect of certain medications.

Normal white blood cell counts range between 3,500 and 10,500 cells per microliter (μL) of blood. In leukopenia, this range falls below 3,500 cells/μL. The severity of leukopenia is often classified as mild (3,000-2,999 cells/μL), moderate (1,500-2,999 cells/μL), or severe (<1500 cells/μL).

Leukopenia can be caused by several factors, including viral or bacterial infections, such as influenza or tuberculosis, immune disorders, such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and certain medications, such as chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs. In some cases, leukopenia can be a symptom of a serious underlying condition, such as a blood disorder or a malignancy.

The symptoms of leukopenia may include recurring skin and mucous membrane infections, fever, night sweats, diarrhea, and a weakened immune system. In severe cases, leukopenia can increase the risk of infections and be life-threatening if left untreated.

Diagnosis of leukopenia typically involves a complete blood count (CBC) and may require further testing to identify the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antibiotics, antiviral medications, or other medications to manage symptoms and address the underlying condition. In some cases, blood transfusions or bone marrow transplantation may be required.