leukeemias

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, which are unable to fight infection and crowd out normal blood cells. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, fever, easy bruising, and increased susceptibility to infections.

There are several main types of leukemia, categorized by how quickly they develop and the type of white blood cell affected. Acute leukemias develop rapidly and require immediate treatment, while chronic leukemias progress more slowly. Lymphocytic leukemias affect lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, while myeloid leukemias affect myeloid cells, which normally develop into other types of blood cells. Common types include acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

The exact cause of leukemia is not fully understood, but certain risk factors have been identified. These include exposure to radiation, certain chemicals like benzene, some viruses, and a family history of leukemia. Genetic factors also play a role.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests, and a bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options vary depending on the type and stage of leukemia and may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. The prognosis for leukemia depends on the specific type, the patient's age and overall health, and the effectiveness of treatment. Research continues to advance understanding and treatment of this complex disease.