lentivírusok

Lentivírusok, a member of the Retroviridae family, are a genus of viruses that include the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). They are characterized by their RNA genome and their ability to infect and integrate into the genome of host cells. Lentiviruses have a complex replication cycle that involves reverse transcription, where their RNA genome is converted into DNA, which is then integrated into the host cell's DNA. This integration allows the virus to persist in the host and replicate along with the host cell.

Lentiviruses are known for their ability to infect a wide range of cell types, including both dividing and non-dividing cells, which is a significant characteristic distinguishing them from other retroviruses. This broad tropism contributes to their pathogenicity and makes them challenging to eradicate. Diseases caused by lentiviruses can range from chronic and debilitating conditions like AIDS (caused by HIV) to neurological disorders in animals.

The study of lentiviruses has been crucial in understanding viral pathogenesis and developing antiviral therapies. Furthermore, their ability to efficiently deliver genetic material into host cells has led to their widespread use as vectors in gene therapy and preclinical research. These viral vectors are engineered to carry therapeutic genes into target cells, offering potential treatments for genetic diseases. Despite their medical importance, lentiviruses remain a significant global health concern.