leflunomidin

Leflunomide is a prescription medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It belongs to a class of drugs called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, or DMARDs. Leflunomide works by reducing inflammation and slowing the progression of joint damage. It is typically taken orally once a day.

The mechanism of action of leflunomide involves inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential for the synthesis of pyrimidines, which are building blocks of DNA and RNA. By blocking this enzyme, leflunomide reduces the proliferation of activated lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell involved in the immune response that contributes to the inflammation seen in autoimmune diseases. This reduction in lymphocyte activity helps to decrease the autoimmune attack on the joints.

Common side effects of leflunomide can include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hair loss, rash, and headache. More serious side effects are less common but can include liver problems, lung problems, and a weakened immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. It is important to discuss potential risks and benefits with a healthcare provider before starting leflunomide.

Leflunomide is not recommended for pregnant women or women who may become pregnant due to the risk of severe birth defects. It is also contraindicated in individuals with severe liver disease. Regular monitoring of liver function and blood counts is usually required while taking this medication.