lapwings

Lapwings are medium-sized wading birds in the genus Vanellus, family Charadriidae. They inhabit open habitats such as grasslands, farms, wetlands, and shorelines across much of Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. They are often conspicuous during the breeding season as they defend territory and perform display flights.

Most lapwings have a stout body, long legs, and a short bill, with a distinctive crown crest in many species. Plumage is variable, but many display bold black-and-white patterns with iridescent greens or purples on the back or head.

Habitat and range: They nest on bare ground in open areas near water or fields. Some species migrate seasonally, while others are resident. They prefer habitats with short vegetation and accessible invertebrate prey.

Behavior and diet: They forage for insects, worms, and other invertebrates, sometimes seeds. They are territorial during breeding and will defend nests aggressively. Flight is strong and direct, with shallow wingbeats.

Breeding: Clutch size is typically 3-4 eggs, sometimes up to five. Eggs are spotted, incubated by both parents for about 23-28 days. Chicks are precocial and leave the nest soon after hatching.

Taxonomy and conservation: The lapwings form the genus Vanellus within Charadriidae, with about 15 species including the northern lapwing. Conservation status varies; some populations have declined due to habitat loss, while others remain common.