laktózintoleranciában

Laktózintolerancia, also known as lactose malabsorption, is a digestive disorder characterized by the inability to fully digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This inability is caused by a deficiency of lactase, an enzyme produced in the small intestine. Lactase is responsible for breaking down lactose into simpler sugars, glucose and galactose, which can then be absorbed into the bloodstream. When lactase is insufficient, undigested lactose passes into the large intestine, where it is fermented by bacteria. This fermentation process produces gases such as hydrogen, methane, and carbon dioxide, leading to common symptoms.

The symptoms of laktózintolerancia typically appear between 30 minutes to 2 hours after consuming foods or drinks containing lactose. These can include bloating, abdominal pain and cramps, diarrhea, nausea, and gas. The severity of symptoms often depends on the amount of lactose consumed and the individual's level of lactase deficiency. In some cases, individuals may experience only mild discomfort, while others may have more significant digestive upset.

Laktózintolerancia is not a food allergy; it is a digestive issue. It is also distinct from milk allergy, which is an immune system reaction to milk proteins. While the exact cause of lactase deficiency can vary, it is often genetic and can develop at any age. It can also be acquired due to damage to the small intestine from conditions such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, or gastrointestinal surgery.

Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of medical history, symptom assessment, and diagnostic tests such as a hydrogen breath test or a lactose tolerance test. Management primarily involves dietary adjustments, such as reducing or avoiding lactose-containing foods and beverages. Many individuals can manage their symptoms by consuming lactose-free products, or by using lactase enzyme supplements before consuming dairy.