lahusepolümerisatsiooni

Lähuspolümerisatsioon refers to a polymerization reaction conducted in a solvent. This method is employed when the monomer or the resulting polymer is not soluble in the bulk monomer itself, or when better control over the reaction temperature and viscosity is desired. The solvent acts as a medium to dissolve the monomer, initiate the polymerization, and facilitate the removal of heat generated during the exothermic process. The choice of solvent is crucial and depends on factors such as its ability to dissolve the monomer and polymer, its inertness towards the reactants and products, and its boiling point, which influences the reaction temperature. Common solvents used include water, alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons. Lähuspolümerisatsioon can be carried out using various polymerization mechanisms, including free radical, cationic, and anionic polymerization. The concentration of the monomer in the solvent affects the reaction rate and the molecular weight of the polymer. After the polymerization is complete, the polymer is typically isolated from the solvent through precipitation, evaporation, or filtration. This technique is widely used in the industrial production of various polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene, and acrylic resins, offering advantages in terms of process control, product quality, and safety.