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Ladder logic, also known as ladder diagram (LD), is a programming language used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It is designed to mimic the logic of relay control circuits, making it familiar to electricians and control engineers who previously worked with hardwired relay systems. The graphical representation consists of two vertical rails, representing the power source, and horizontal rungs, representing the control logic.

Each rung typically starts with input conditions on the left and ends with an output on the right. Input conditions are represented by symbols such as normally open contacts, normally closed contacts, and timers. Outputs are represented by coils, which can energize or de-energize devices. The logic flows from left to right across each rung.

The primary advantage of ladder logic is its readability and ease of understanding for those with an electrical background. It simplifies troubleshooting by allowing engineers to visually trace the circuit's operation. Ladder logic is widely used in industrial automation for controlling machinery, processes, and building systems. Its structured approach makes it suitable for a wide range of applications, from simple on/off control to more complex sequential operations. While other programming languages exist for PLCs, ladder logic remains a popular choice due to its intuitive nature and historical significance in industrial control.