líquida

Líquida is the feminine adjective form of líquido in Spanish, used to refer to something in the liquid state or to describe liquids. In physics and chemistry, a liquid is a state of matter characterized by its ability to flow and to conform to the shape of its container while maintaining a relatively constant volume.

Liquids have several distinctive properties: they flow under applied forces, are incompressible to a practical approximation, and have measurable density that varies with temperature and composition. They possess surface tension at interfaces, and their molecules interact via cohesive forces that enable phenomena such as capillarity. Viscosity, the measure of resistance to shear, varies widely among liquids and influences how they transport momentum and mix.

Liquids can be pure substances or mixtures. They may be Newtonian, with constant viscosity independent of shear rate (for example, water), or non-Newtonian, where viscosity changes with shear (for example, ketchup or paint). They can dissolve solutes to form solutions, and may be immiscible with other liquids or form emulsions. Common examples include water, ethanol, oils, and mercury.

In science and engineering, liquids are studied in fluid dynamics and rheology. Concepts such as density, viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, and boiling point help describe their behaviour under temperature and pressure changes. The term fase líquida or estado líquido is used in phase diagrams to distinguish from solid and gaseous phases.