külmutatud

Külmutatud is an Estonian adjective formed from the verb külmutama (to freeze). It denotes that something has undergone freezing and is in a frozen state. As a past passive participle, it functions like an adjective and agrees with the noun it describes in number and case, for example külmutatud toit (frozen food), külmutatud kala (frozen fish), or külmutatud köögiviljad (frozen vegetables).

In everyday language and on product labels, külmutatud is commonly used to indicate preservation by freezing. It is frequent in food contexts, but also applicable to non-food items or biological samples, such as külmutatud marjad, külmutatud puuviljad, or külmutatud proovid. In scientific and technical contexts, the term describes materials stored at low temperatures, for instance külmutatud näited or külmutatud lahused.

Etymology and grammar: külmutatud is derived from the verb külmutama with the Estonian past passive participle suffix -tatud. It functions as an attributive adjective and may take different endings to fit the noun in different cases and numbers.

Related terms include külm, meaning cold, and külmutamine, the process or act of freezing. The opposite of külmutatud would be described in terms of being unfrozen or thawed, depending on context. Overall, külmutatud is a standard, neutral descriptor used across everyday language and technical writing to indicate a frozen state.