kõrvaldanud

Kõrvaldanud is a past participle in the Estonian language. It is derived from the verb "kõrvaldama," which means to remove, eliminate, or get rid of. As a past participle, "kõrvaldanud" describes a state of having been removed or eliminated.

The form "kõrvaldanud" is the active past participle, indicating that the subject of the sentence performed the action of removal. For example, "Ta on probleemi kõrvaldanud" translates to "He has removed the problem." In this case, "kõrvaldanud" describes the action performed by "ta" (he).

This participle can also be used in more complex grammatical structures. It can function as an adjective, modifying a noun to indicate that it has undergone the action of removal. For instance, "kõrvaldanud praht" could mean "removed debris." It can also be part of a passive construction, though often other passive forms are preferred.

The meaning of "kõrvaldanud" is context-dependent. It can refer to the physical removal of an object, the elimination of a threat, or the dismissal of a person. The specific nuance is usually understood from the surrounding words and the overall situation. Understanding this participle is key to comprehending past actions and states in Estonian sentences.