kõikidel

Kõikidel is an Estonian word-form used as the plural adessive form of the determiner kõik, meaning “on all” or “in all” when paired with a plural noun in the adessive case. It indicates universality or total coverage across multiple instances, locations, or categories.

Morphology and usage

Kõik is a universal determiner meaning “all” or “every.” Its inflected forms include plural and various cases. Kõikidel consists of the stem kõik plus the plural adessive ending -idel, and it is used with plural nouns in the adessive case to express presence or applicability on/in all of those nouns. For example, kõiki juhtumeid would be a different case; in the common expression kõikidel juhtudel, the meaning is “in all cases.” The form governs the noun that follows, which is in the adessive plural.

Common contexts

The form appears in formal, administrative, and legal-style Estonian to convey comprehensive scope. It is frequently found in fixed phrases such as:

- Kõikidel juhtudel kehtib reegel (In all cases the rule applies).

- Kõikidel kohtadel kehtivad samu nõuded (The same requirements apply at all locations).

Etymology and relation to kõik

Kõikidel derives from kõik, the basic determiner meaning “all/every.” It shares inflectional behavior with other Estonian determiners and adjectives that modify plural nouns in the adessive case.

See also

Estonian language, grammar, cases, determiner inflection.