kõigis

Kõigis is the inessive singular form of the Estonian pronoun kõik, which means all or every. It functions as a locative form indicating “in all” or “in everything,” applying to the scope or context that has been mentioned. In English, it can be rendered as “in all” or “in everything,” depending on the sentence.

Usage and examples: Kõigis is used when speaking about all items, aspects, or situations within a defined set. For example, a sentence like Kõigis olukordades tuleb olla ettevaatlik conveys “In all situations one must be cautious.” The form commonly appears with a following noun in an appropriate case, such as olukordades (situations) or valdkondades (fields/domains), to express broad scope.

Grammar notes: Kõik serves as the base pronoun meaning “all.” It has several inflected forms, including genitive kõigi (of all) and partitive kõiki (all/every one). The inessive form kõiges or kõigis is part of the same declension pattern and is used when the meaning requires “in” or “inside” the whole set being discussed. In written and spoken Estonian, kõigis is recognized as a standard grammatical form rather than a separate word.

Relation to related forms: Other key forms include kõigi (genitive), kõiki (partitive), and kõiges (inessive singular). These forms allow kõik to shift through cases to express different grammatical functions while preserving the core meaning of inclusivity or totality.

See also: Kõik, Estonian grammar, Estonian declension, Pronouns in Estonian.