kärsinyt

Kärsinyt is the Finnish past participle of the verb kärsiä, meaning to suffer. It denotes that someone has experienced suffering or hardship and is commonly used to form perfect tenses as well as, in some contexts, to describe a state or experience. The form is a past participle and can appear in sentences with auxiliary verbs to express a completed action, such as has suffered.

Morphology and usage notes: Kärsinyt is formed from the verb stem kärsi- with the standard participle suffix -nyt. It does not change for person, but it is used with auxiliary verbs like on (has) or oli (had) to construct present or past perfect tenses. In addition to its verbal use, kärsinyt can function as an adjectival participle to describe someone or something that has experienced suffering, though in everyday speech it is most commonly encountered in predicative or verb-phrased constructions.

Examples: Hän on kärsinyt paljon sairautensa vuoksi. This means “He/She has suffered a lot because of the illness.” The phrase can also describe a situation or person with a history of hardship, for example, “kärsinyt mies kertoi tarinansa,” meaning “the man who has suffered told his story.”

Relation to related terms: Kärsinyt is derived from kärsiä (to suffer). Related concepts include kärsiminen (suffering) and the noun form kärsimys, which refer to the experience or state of suffering. As a participle, kärsinyt is a grammatical form used to convey past experience within Finnish syntax and voice.