kuumaks

Kuumaks is the translative case form of the Estonian adjective kuum, meaning hot. In Estonian grammar, translative forms are used to express a change of state or condition, often with verbs that indicate becoming something. The suffix -ks attaches to the stem to signal this transition into a new state.

Usage and examples:

Kuumaks is typically used in predicates describing a process of change. For example, Vesi muutub kuumaks, meaning “the water becomes hot.” Another example is Seina pinnal jahtub, but when translated into the translative it can be phrased as Sein muutub kuumaks to convey “the wall becomes warm/hot.” In practice, kuumaks appears in sentences that focus on the result of a heating process or a shift in temperature.

Related forms and notes:

The translative case is one of several Estonian grammatical cases that express state changes, and kuumaks parallels translative forms of other adjectives such as külmaks (to become cold) or valiks (to become green). Kuumaks is not typically used as a standalone noun; rather, it functions as a predicative form linked to the subject through the verb of becoming or a related copular construction.

In summary, kuumaks is a grammatical form rather than a separate concept, used to denote a change into the hot state in Estonian sentences.