kuulatud

Kuulatud is an Estonian past passive participle of the verb kuulama/kuulda, meaning to hear or listen. It translates roughly as “heard” or “listened to” and is used as an adjective or as part of a predicate to indicate that something has been heard by someone or listened to. The form can be used attributively before a noun (for example, kuulatud laul, meaning “a song that has been heard”) or predicatively after a linking verb (for example, Laul on kuulatud, “the song has been heard”). Like other Estonian participles, kuulatud agrees with the noun in number and case.

Origin and usage: kuulatud is formed from the verb kuulema/kuulda with the standard past passive participle suffix. It is commonly used in everyday language as well as in journalism to report on reception of a performance, broadcast, statement, or other audible event. The word delivers a neutral, factual sense, suitable for describing what has already been heard or listened to by a group or audience.

Examples:

- Laul on kuulatud paljude inimeste poolt. (The song has been heard by many people.)

- See salvestus oli kuulatud üle kogu riigi. (This recording was listened to across the country.)

Notes: As a participial adjective, kuulatud may be found in different cases and numbers to match the noun it modifies, following standard Estonian agreement rules for adjectives and participles.