kterých

Kterých is a form of the Czech relative pronoun který, used to introduce a relative clause. It is the genitive plural form, and it refers to a plural antecedent in the genitive case or to a plural noun governed by a preposition that requires genitive. In English, it often corresponds to “of which,” “of whom,” or “whose” in a relative clause.

The form kterých is gender-agnostic in terms of its function: it can refer to masculine, feminine, or neuter antecedents, as long as the antecedent is plural and in genitive. It is commonly found after nouns phrase in genitive, for example: Lidé, kterých se to týká, byli pozváni. The phrase translates roughly to “the people whom/whose this concerns.” Other common constructions include do kterých (into which), bez kterých (without which), or o kterých (about which), all signaling a genitive relationship.

Compared with other forms of the same pronoun, kterých is part of a full declension set that mirrors Czech adjectives and pronouns: který (m.sg nom), která (f.sg nom), které (n/acc pl or nom neuter sg), kteří (m.pl nom), and kterých (genitive plural). The choice of form depends on the gender and number of the antecedent and on the case required by the syntactic structure.

Etymology traces kterých to the interrogative/relative pronoun který, with the genitive plural ending -ch. It is a standard, widely used feature of Czech grammar, appearing in both written and spoken language to link clauses and specify which people or things are being discussed.