ksyleenien

Ksyleenien is a Finnish word that translates to xylenes in English. Xylenes are a group of aromatic hydrocarbons with the chemical formula C8H10. They are isomers, meaning they have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements. The three main isomers of xylene are ortho-xylene (o-xylene), meta-xylene (m-xylene), and para-xylene (p-xylene).

These compounds are colorless, flammable liquids with a sweet odor. They are typically found in petroleum and coal tar. Xylenes are widely used as solvents in various industrial applications, including in paints, lacquers, inks, adhesives, and cleaning agents. They are also a significant component in gasoline, acting as an octane booster.

Industrially, xylenes are produced through several processes, primarily catalytic reforming of naphtha and disproportionation of toluene. Para-xylene is particularly important as it is a key raw material for the production of terephthalic acid, which is then used to make polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic, commonly used for beverage bottles and synthetic fibers. Ortho-xylene is used to produce phthalic anhydride, a precursor for plasticizers and dyes. Meta-xylene finds applications in the production of isophthalic acid.

Exposure to xylenes can occur through inhalation or skin contact, and they are considered to have moderate toxicity. Symptoms of exposure can include dizziness, headache, nausea, and irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Occupational exposure limits are established in many countries to protect worker health.

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