kryopumput

Kryopumput, also known as cryopump or cryogenic pump, is a type of vacuum pump designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures, typically below 100 Kelvin (-173 degrees Celsius). These pumps are essential in various scientific and industrial applications where ultra-high vacuum conditions are required, such as in particle accelerators, cryogenic storage, and low-temperature physics research.

The primary function of a kryopumput is to remove gas molecules from a vacuum chamber by condensing them onto a cold surface. The pump consists of a cold head, which is cooled by a cryogenic refrigerant, and a warm compressor. The cold head is maintained at a temperature low enough to condense the gas molecules, while the compressor circulates the refrigerant to maintain the cold head's temperature.

Kryopumps are highly efficient and can achieve very high vacuum levels, often better than 10^-10 torr. They are also known for their low vibration and low outgassing, making them suitable for sensitive applications. However, they require a continuous supply of cryogenic refrigerant and can be more complex and expensive to operate compared to other types of vacuum pumps.

In summary, kryopumps are specialized vacuum pumps designed for cryogenic applications, offering high efficiency and ultra-high vacuum levels. Their operation relies on condensing gas molecules on a cold surface, maintained by a cryogenic refrigerant.