krwinkach

Krwinki is a common Polish term for the cells and fragments that circulate in the bloodstream. In everyday language it usually refers to the major classes red blood cells (krwinki czerwone), white blood cells (krwinki białe) and, to a lesser extent, platelets (trombocyty). They are typically assessed together in a complete blood count (CBC) and are essential for oxygen transport, immune defense and hemostasis.

Red blood cells, or krwinki czerwone, are the most abundant type. In humans they lack a nucleus, have a biconcave shape, and contain hemoglobin, which binds and releases oxygen and carbon dioxide. Their primary function is gas transport, supplying tissues with oxygen and helping remove carbon dioxide. They are produced in the bone marrow through erythropoiesis, a process regulated by erythropoietin. The average lifespan of a red blood cell is about 120 days.

White blood cells, or krwinki białe, are components of the immune system. They include several lineages—neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils—each with specific roles in defense, inflammation and immune regulation. WBCs are generated in the bone marrow (and in lymphoid organs for certain mature cells) and have varying lifespans depending on type and context.

Platelets, or trombocyty, are small cell fragments essential for blood clotting. They arise from megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, adhere to sites of vascular injury, and help form a hemostatic plug. Their lifespan is typically about 7–10 days.

Pathology is detected through abnormal krwinek counts or morphology, guiding diagnoses such as anemia, infections, leukemias or thrombocytopenias. In Polish usage, "krwinkach" is the locative plural form of krwinka. See also hematology and blood physiology.