kriogeninen

Kriogeninen refers to extremely low temperatures, typically below -150 degrees Celsius or -238 degrees Fahrenheit. This field of science and technology involves the production and behavior of materials at these frigid conditions. Cryogenics is a sub-discipline of physics and applied physics that deals with the generation and application of very low temperatures.

The primary gases studied and utilized in cryogenics are nitrogen, oxygen, helium, and hydrogen, often liquefied at these temperatures. Liquefied gases are stored in specialized insulated containers called dewars. Applications of cryogenics are widespread and include medical procedures like cryosurgery, food preservation through rapid freezing, scientific research in fields like superconductivity and particle physics, and industrial processes such as gas separation and rocket propulsion.

The behavior of matter changes dramatically at cryogenic temperatures. For example, many materials become brittle, while others exhibit unique properties like superconductivity, where electrical resistance vanishes. Achieving and maintaining these low temperatures requires sophisticated equipment and techniques, often involving complex refrigeration cycles. Safety is paramount in cryogenic applications due to the extreme cold and the potential hazards associated with handling liquefied gases.