krestyanin

Krestyanin is a term used in Russian to refer to a peasant or farmer. The word is derived from the Russian word "krest" which means "cross," reflecting the historical Christian influence on Russian society. Historically, krestyane were the majority of the population in Russia, engaged in agriculture and other rural activities. They were often tied to the land and had limited mobility, with their social status and rights varying significantly over time.

The term "krestyanin" has been used to describe the peasantry in various contexts, including historical, literary, and sociological studies. In the 19th century, the term was often used in a derogatory sense to highlight the perceived backwardness and poverty of the peasant class. However, it is important to note that the experiences and lives of krestyane were diverse and complex, and the term does not capture the full range of their experiences.

In the Soviet era, the term "krestyanin" was largely replaced by "kolkhoznik" (collective farmer) and "selskiy" (villager), reflecting the state's efforts to collectivize agriculture and transform rural society. Today, the term "krestyanin" is less commonly used, but it remains a part of the historical and cultural lexicon of Russia.