koszmarów

Koszmarów is the genitive plural form of the Polish noun koszmar, which means nightmare. In Polish grammar, koszmarów is used whenever the noun is in the genitive plural, for example after certain numerals and quantifiers, after prepositions that require the genitive, or in possessive constructions such as “of nightmares” or “without nightmares.” The corresponding nominative plural is koszmary, while other cases follow standard Polish noun declension for masculine nouns ending in -ar.

Etymology and usage context: The word koszmar is a native Polish noun with etymology generally tied to the semantic field of fear and distress; its precise origin within Slavic languages is discussed in linguistic sources, but Koszmarów itself serves primarily a grammatical function as the genitive plural form. In everyday language, koszmarów appears in phrases such as bez koszmarów (without nightmares), kilka koszmarów (a few nightmares), or świat koszmarów (a world of nightmares), where the genitive plural governs the relationship to the modifying noun.

Notes on grammar: Koszmarów is not used as a stand-alone nominative form; it operates within phrases that require genitive plural. It regularly appears after adjectives of quantity (wiele koszmarów, kilka koszmarów) and after prepositions that take the genitive case (bez koszmarów, bez koszmarów nocnych). Related forms follow the standard declension pattern for koszmar.