kosatka

The killer whale, scientifically known as Orcinus orca, is an toothed whale belonging to the oceanic dolphin family, of which it is the largest member. Also referred to as orcas, they are widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, from the Arctic and Antarctic to tropical seas. Kosatka is the Russian word for killer whale.

Orcas are apex predators, meaning they sit at the top of the food chain. Their diet is diverse and can include fish, seals, sea lions, other whales, dolphins, squid, and seabirds. Different populations, or ecotypes, of killer whales have specialized diets and hunting techniques. These specialized groups are often reproductively isolated, leading to distinct cultural traditions passed down through generations.

Killer whales are highly social animals, living in stable family groups called pods. These pods can consist of a few individuals to dozens. Communication within pods is complex, involving a variety of clicks, whistles, and calls. They exhibit remarkable intelligence and problem-solving abilities.

Physically, orcas are characterized by their distinctive black and white coloration. Males are significantly larger than females and possess a prominent dorsal fin that can reach up to six feet in height, while females have a smaller, more curved fin. Their lifespan can range from 30 to over 80 years, depending on sex and population.

Due to their wide distribution and lack of significant natural predators, killer whales were not historically considered endangered. However, threats such as pollution, declining prey populations, and noise disturbance are impacting some populations, leading to conservation concerns.