koordinaatiosidoksilla

Koordinaatiosidoksilla, often translated as coordination bonds or dative covalent bonds, are a type of covalent bond where one atom contributes both electrons to the shared pair. This contrasts with a typical covalent bond where each atom contributes one electron. These bonds are formed between an atom that has a lone pair of electrons (a Lewis base) and an atom that has an empty orbital capable of accepting electrons (a Lewis acid). The resulting species is often called a coordination complex or adduct.

Coordination bonds are crucial in the formation of many chemical compounds. A classic example is the formation of the hydronium ion (H3O+), where the oxygen atom in water (H2O) donates a lone pair to a proton (H+). Another common example is the reaction of ammonia (NH3) with a Lewis acid like boron trifluoride (BF3), forming an adduct where the nitrogen atom's lone pair forms a bond with the boron atom. Transition metal complexes extensively utilize coordination bonds, where ligands (molecules or ions with lone pairs) bind to a central metal ion. These complexes have widespread applications in catalysis, medicine, and material science. The strength of a coordination bond can vary significantly depending on the atoms involved and their electronic properties.