kontrollokra

Kontrollokra is a term used in Hungarian control theory to denote the set of control inputs or actuators that can be commanded to influence a dynamical system. The word is used to distinguish the mechanisms that drive state changes from the system’s internal state variables and outputs.

In mathematical models, kontrollokra are represented as the input vector u(t) in continuous time or u_k in discrete time, which act on the state through the input matrix B (for example, x' = Ax + Bu or x_{k+1} = Ax_k + Bu_k). They can be continuous-valued or discrete and are typically subject to physical limits, saturation, and delays.

Applications span robotics, process control, automotive systems, and aerospace. Design problems include control allocation, which distributes commanded actions among multiple actuators, and actuator modeling to account for dynamics, limits, and redundancy. The study of kontrollokra also involves considerations of bandwidth, latency, and reliability of the actuators.

Kontrollokra are central to discussions of controllability, observability, and system feasibility. They help determine what performance is achievable under actuator constraints and guide the synthesis of controllers that respect these limitations. In Hungarian-language literature, kontrollokra are discussed alongside concepts such as actuator dynamics, input constraints, and control allocation, reflecting their practical importance across engineering domains.