kontaktiihottumaa

Kontaktiihottuma is the Finnish term for contact dermatitis. It is an inflammatory skin condition that arises from direct contact with certain substances. There are two main types: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common form and occurs when the skin is damaged by a harsh substance. This can include chemicals, soaps, detergents, solvents, or even prolonged exposure to water. The reaction is not an immune response, but rather a direct toxic effect on the skin. Symptoms can appear quickly after exposure and include redness, dryness, itching, and stinging.

Allergic contact dermatitis is an immune system reaction. It happens when the skin is exposed to a substance it has become sensitized to, triggering an allergic response. Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel (found in jewelry), fragrances, preservatives in cosmetics, and certain topical medications. The reaction may not appear immediately, sometimes taking 24-72 hours to develop after contact. Symptoms are similar to irritant contact dermatitis but can also include blistering and weeping.

Diagnosis usually involves a medical history and a physical examination of the rash. In cases of suspected allergic contact dermatitis, patch testing may be performed to identify the specific allergen. Treatment focuses on avoiding the offending substance and managing the symptoms with topical corticosteroids or emollients. Severe cases may require oral corticosteroids. Prevention is key and involves identifying and avoiding known irritants and allergens.