konkreto

Konkreto is a widely used construction material that functions as a composite of a cementitious binder, aggregates, and water, often with additives. When mixed and cured, it hardens into a rigid, durable solid suitable for a wide range of structural and architectural applications.

Common binders are Portland cement, with aggregates such as sand and gravel forming the bulk of the volume. The water–binder ratio influences workability and strength: lower ratios increase strength but reduce flow. Admixtures can modify curing, set time, color, and durability, while supplementary cementitious materials may replace part of the cement.

Historically, the use of cementitious concretes dates to ancient times; modern reinforced concrete emerged in the 19th century and enabled skyscrapers and long-span bridges. Today, concrete is used for foundations, walls, floors, pavements, and precast elements worldwide.

Variants include reinforced concrete with steel reinforcement, pre-stressed concrete, high-performance concrete, self-compacting concrete, lightweight concrete, and fiber-reinforced concretes, each optimized for specific structural or durability requirements.

Durability and environmental considerations are central to concrete design. Proper curing and protection prevent cracking, carbonation, and corrosion of reinforcement. Cement production is energy-intensive and a major source of CO2, spurring interest in alternative binders, improved mixtures, and recycling of aggregates to reduce the environmental footprint.