konjungsiya

Konjungsiya is a linguistic term for the class of words and particles that connect words, phrases, or clauses within sentences. It helps to express relationships such as addition, contrast, causality, time, and condition, contributing to coherence and syntactic structure.

The major types are coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and correlative conjunctions. Coordinating conjunctions link elements of equal grammatical rank, as in and, or, but. Subordinating conjunctions introduce dependent clauses, such as because, while, if. Correlative conjunctions come in paired forms like either... or or not only... but also.

Conjunctions may also be realized as particles or affixes in some languages, and their placement can vary, sometimes preceding or following the clause. In many languages punctuation rules interact with conjunction usage, such as a comma before a coordinating conjunction in some English constructions.

The term konjungsiya is used in several languages to denote this word class, though its exact inventory and behavior differ across languages. Some languages rely on separate words; others use clitics, particles, or inflection to express conjunction-like relations.

Examples across languages include English and, but, or; Indonesian dan and tetapi; Spanish y and o; Russian i; Uzbek va. These illustrate how different languages encode similar connective functions.

Etymologically, konjungsiya traces to Latin conjunctio, via European-language terms for conjunction, and has been adapted in various language communities to name the connective word class.