kondisional

Kondisional is a term used in linguistics to describe an element of language that expresses condition or hypothetical scenarios and their outcomes. In many languages, kondisional appears as a specific mood, clause type, or syntactic construction that links a condition to its result.

In Indonesian and Malay grammar, kondisional typically refers to conditional clauses, known as kalimat kondisional. These clauses are usually introduced by conjunctions such as jika, jika saja, kalau, jikalau, andai or seandainya. The protasis (the condition) is followed by the apodosis (the consequence), and the order can be reversed for emphasis. Indonesian kondisional emphasizes meaning rather than distinct verb inflection; time reference is indicated through auxiliary words like akan, mau, bisa, or through the present form of the verb, rather than through explicit tense markers.

There are two broad types. Realis kondisional describes possible or factual conditions and their likely outcomes, as in Jika saya punya uang, saya membeli buku itu (If I have money, I will buy the book). Irrealis kondisional expresses hypothetical or contrary-to-fact situations, as in Seandainya saya kaya, saya akan membeli rumah (If I were rich, I would buy a house). For more formal or literary use, forms like andai or seandainya may convey a stronger counterfactual sense.

Kondisional also encompasses related constructions in other languages where a distinct conditional mood exists, sometimes with morphological changes to the verb. Overall, kondisional centers on conditional meaning—situations whose realization depends on a stated condition and its consequent action or result.