koloidy
Koloidy, the Polish term for colloids, refer to heterogeneous mixtures in which a dispersed phase consists of tiny particles suspended in a continuous medium. The particles typically range from about 1 nanometer up to a couple of micrometers in size. In a colloid, the dispersed phase remains dispersed and does not form a true solution; under suitable conditions the mixture can be stable for long periods or may slowly separate.
Common types of colloids include sols (solid particles dispersed in a liquid, such as gold sol), gels
Key properties of colloids include the Tyndall effect (scattering of light by dispersed particles), Brownian motion
Historically, the concept arose in the 19th century with Thomas Graham and was developed further by later
Applications of koloidy span food products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, catalysts, ceramics, and environmental remediation, where controlled dispersion