kokonaismagnetisaation

kokonaismagnetisaation is a term used in physics, particularly in the study of magnetic materials, to refer to the total magnetic moment per unit volume of a sample. It is the scalar quantity obtained by integrating the magnetization vector over the entire volume and dividing by that volume, and can also be expressed as the net magnetic dipole moment per mole in molecular magnetism. The concept stems from the Finnish word kokonais, meaning “total” or “overall,” combined with magnetisaation, the Finnish for “magnetization.”

In experimental magnetization studies, kokonaismagnetisaation is determined by measuring the magnetic moment of a sample with instruments such as vibrating sample magnetometers (VSM), superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometers, or Faraday cups. The raw data obtained as a magnetic moment versus applied field is then converted into the material’s overall magnetization by accounting for the sample’s geometry and volume. This total magnetization is a key figure of merit for characterizing ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, antiferromagnetic, paramagnetic, and diamagnetic materials.

In thin films and nanostructures, kokonaismagnetisaation provides insight into interfacial coupling, spin‑polarization, and magnetic anisotropy effects that may not be evident from local magnetic measurements alone. It is also central to the calculation of magnetic saturation values, coercivities, and remanence, which are critical parameters for applications such as permanent magnets, magnetic recording media, and spintronic devices.

Mathematically, kokonaismagnetisaation Mtot is expressed as:

Mtot = (1/V)∫M(r)dV = Σi mi / V,

where V is the sample volume, M(r) is the local magnetization vector, and mi are the magnetic moments of individual atoms or ions. The value is typically reported in units of amperes per meter (A·m⁻¹) or emu per cubic centimeter (emu·cm⁻³).