kokonaiskysyntäkäyrä

The kokonaiskysyntäkäyrä, or aggregate demand curve, represents the total demand for all goods and services in an economy at different price levels. It illustrates the relationship between the overall price level and the total quantity of output demanded. The curve is downward sloping, indicating that as the price level falls, the aggregate quantity of goods and services demanded increases, and vice versa.

This inverse relationship is explained by several factors. The wealth effect suggests that as prices fall, the real value of household wealth increases, leading to higher consumption. The interest rate effect posits that a lower price level reduces the demand for money, leading to lower interest rates, which in turn stimulates investment and consumption. The international trade effect indicates that as the domestic price level falls, domestic goods become relatively cheaper for foreigners, increasing exports, and foreign goods become more expensive for domestic consumers, decreasing imports.

The kokonaiskysyntäkäyrä can shift due to changes in any of the components of aggregate demand: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. For example, an increase in consumer confidence or a decrease in taxes would shift the curve to the right, indicating higher demand at every price level. Conversely, a decrease in government spending or a rise in interest rates would shift the curve to the left. Understanding the aggregate demand curve is crucial for analyzing macroeconomic fluctuations and formulating economic policy.