klorobenseen

Chlorobenzene, also known as phenyl chloride or monochlorobenzene, is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5Cl. It is a colorless liquid with a characteristic almond-like odor. Chlorobenzene is a derivative of benzene where one hydrogen atom is replaced by a chlorine atom. It is sparingly soluble in water but miscible with most organic solvents.

Industrially, chlorobenzene is primarily produced by the direct chlorination of benzene in the presence of a catalyst such as ferric chloride or aluminum chloride. The reaction typically yields a mixture of chlorobenzene isomers, from which the desired monochlorobenzene is separated by distillation. It is also a byproduct in the production of aniline and phenol.

Chlorobenzene serves as a significant intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals. It is used in the production of other chlorinated benzene derivatives, such as dichlorobenzenes, which are employed as solvents and in insecticide formulations. It is also a precursor for the synthesis of phenol, aniline, and DDT (though DDT use is now restricted in many parts of the world). Historically, it found applications as a solvent for oils, greases, and resins, and as a fumigant. Due to its toxicity and environmental persistence, its direct use in consumer products has been largely phased out, with its primary role now being as an industrial intermediate.