kliniczne

Kliniczne is a Polish adjective meaning "clinical." It is used to describe aspects of medicine and health care that pertain to patient care in a real-world setting as well as the systematic study of health and disease in humans. In medical language, the form appears in phrases such as praktyka kliniczna (clinical practice) and opieka kliniczna (clinical care), as well as in references to research conducted with patients.

In research, kliniczne refers to studies involving human participants, including badania kliniczne (clinical trials) that evaluate safety and effectiveness of interventions. These activities occur in hospitals, clinics, universities, and dedicated research centers and are governed by standards designed to protect participants and ensure data quality. Clinical trials typically progress through phases I to IV, exploring dosing and safety, efficacy, and comparative effectiveness, and require informed consent, ethical review by institutional review boards or ethics committees, and adherence to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and applicable laws and regulations.

Etymology and usage: kliniczne derives from klinika (clinic), which comes from Latin clinica and Greek klinike, reflecting the historical association of clinics with patient care. The root appears in a broad family of Polish medical terms, including kliniczny (clinical) and badania kliniczne (clinical trials). In Polish healthcare and research, kliniczne remains a central descriptor for activities involving direct patient interaction or patient-centered investigation.

See also: clinical, clinical trials, clinical practice.