kliimade

Kliimade is the genitive plural form of the Estonian noun kliima (climate). It marks possession or association and is used to form noun phrases that refer to climates in the plural, for example kliimade mõju (the influence of climates) or kliimade muutused (changes of climates). This form is common in scientific, technical, and policy-writing when discussing multiple climates or climate-related phenomena, especially in global or comparative contexts. In everyday speech, people more often use kliima in the singular or kliimad in the nominative plural, depending on the syntactic construction.

Etymology and usage notes: kliima is borrowed from Latin clima, via German Klima and English climate. The genitive plural kliimade follows Estonian noun inflection patterns for nouns ending in -a. The form is primarily encountered in formal writing or discourse about climate diversity, climate change, and related topics. See also related terms such as kliima, kliimamuutused, and ilm.