kieltäytynyt

Kieltäytynyt is a Finnish past participle of the verb kieltäytyä, meaning to refuse or decline. It denotes a completed act of refusing and can function both as a participle in verbal constructions and as an adjective describing a noun. When used with olla (to be) to form perfect tenses, it yields phrases such as olen kieltäytynyt (I have refused) or olemme kieltäytyneet (we have refused). The simple past finite form for third-person singular is kieltäytyi (he/she refused).

As an adjective, kieltäytynyt agrees with the noun it modifies in number and case, for example kieltäytynyt mies (the man who refused) or kieltäytyneet ihmiset (the people who refused). It can appear in various syntactic positions, including attributive modifiers and predicative complements.

The related noun is kieltäytyminen, meaning a refusal or a decline; the partitive form is kieltäytymistä. The English equivalents are refused or declined, depending on context.

Kieltäytynyt is common in formal and written Finnish, including news reporting, official statements, and documentation, as well as in everyday speech when describing someone who has refused an offer, invitation, obligation, or request.

Examples:

- Hän kieltäytyi tarjouksesta. (He refused the offer.)

- Olen kieltäytynyt osallistumasta. (I have declined to participate.)

See also: kieltäytyä.