khap

A khap is a traditional socio-political assembly or council found in certain rural communities, particularly in North India. Primarily associated with Jat communities in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan, khaps function as a form of community governance and dispute resolution. These assemblies are often based on kinship and territorial lines, with different khaps representing specific villages or groups of villages.

Historically, khaps played a significant role in managing local affairs, enforcing social norms, and mediating disputes among members of the community. They could impose fines, decree social ostracism, and make decisions on matters ranging from agricultural practices to marriage alliances. The authority of a khap was derived from its collective power and the traditional respect accorded to its elders.

In contemporary times, the influence and nature of khaps have evolved. While some retain a degree of local authority, their traditional powers have been challenged by the formal legal system and modern governance structures. Khap panchayats have occasionally drawn public attention and criticism for pronouncements on social issues, sometimes perceived as regressive or in conflict with established laws. The term "khap" itself is often used interchangeably with "khap panchayat" to refer to these councils.