keuhkoputkitulehduksiin

Keuhkoputkitulehdus, also known as pneumonia, is an inflammatory condition of the lungs that can be caused by infection, inflammation, or other conditions. It is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly, young children, and individuals with compromised immune systems.

Pneumonia can be classified into several types based on the cause and severity. Bacterial pneumonia is the most common type, caused by bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Viral pneumonia is caused by viruses like influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronavirus. Fungal pneumonia is less common and is caused by fungi such as Aspergillus and Cryptococcus. Other types include aspiration pneumonia, which occurs when foreign substances are inhaled into the lungs, and interstitial pneumonia, which affects the tissue between the lung's air sacs.

Symptoms of pneumonia typically include cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. In severe cases, pneumonia can lead to respiratory failure, sepsis, and even death. Diagnosis is usually made through physical examination, chest X-ray, and laboratory tests such as blood tests and sputum culture.

Treatment for pneumonia depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial pneumonia is often treated with antibiotics, while viral pneumonia may require antiviral medications or supportive care. In severe cases, hospitalization and mechanical ventilation may be necessary. Prevention involves vaccination against common pathogens, such as the pneumococcal vaccine, and avoiding exposure to infectious agents.